How are children protected against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)?
The conjugate pneumococcal vaccine protects children against invasive pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia, bacteraemia (infection of the blood) and meningitis (infection of the brain).
What is invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)? IPD is a bacterial infection caused by a type of bacteria called streptococcus pneumoniae (or pneumococcus). This type of bacteria can cause any of the following: pneumonia (lung infection) bacteraemia (infection of the blood) meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) Pneumococcal infection is also a frequent cause of ear infections (otitis media).
Pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis can sometimes cause death or long lasting complications such as deafness, especially in people with a high-risk medical condition. Sometimes antibiotics do not work against the pneumococcal infection (this is called antibiotic resistance). When there is antibiotic resistance, it is more difficult to treat the infection.
How do you get invasive pneumococcal disease? The bacteria that cause IPD can live at the back of the nose and throat without causing symptoms. People of all ages can be healthy carriers of pneumococci bacteria, but young children are the most frequent carriers of the bacteria. The bacteria are spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Bacteria can also be spread through the saliva of an infected person when common items are shared, e.g., beverages (bottles, straws), eating utensils or chewing on toys.
Why is the pneumococcal vaccine important? Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial infection in children under 2 years of age. Pneumococcal (conjugate) vaccine can prevent pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria in these young children.
When should the pneumococcal vaccine be given? The recommended conjugate vaccine series usually begins at the age of 2 months, but can be given as early as 6 weeks of age. However, the schedule used and the number of doses required (up to four doses) will depend on the child’s age at the time of the first dose of pneumococcal vaccine.
Are there side effects from the vaccine? Most reactions tend to be mild and include soreness, redness, itching and/or rash where the needle was given. Other side effects such as headache, dizziness and nausea may occur. Severe reactions are rare.
6 months Mastered Skills (most kids can do) • Turns toward sounds and voices • Imitates sounds, blows bubbles • Rolls in both directions
Emerging Skills (half of kids can do) • Reaches for objects and mouths them • Sits without support • Is ready for solids
Advanced Skills (a few kids can do) • May lunge forward or start crawling • May jabber or combine syllables • May drag object toward himself
Sunday, January 22, 2006
"once upon a time there was Duncan and the 3 bears... "
Monday, January 09, 2006
Sing, sing a song. Sing out loud. Sing out strong. Sing of good things not bad. Sing of happy not sad(*). Sing, sing a song. Make it simple to last your whole life long. Don’t worry that it’s not good enough for anyone else to hear. Just sing, sing a song La la la la laLa la la la la la...Sing, sing a song. Let the world sing along. Sing of love there could be. Sing for you and for me